Product Code:SAE J321
Title:Tire Guards for Operator Protection--Earthmoving Haulage Machines
Issuing Committee:Optc1, Personnel Protection (General)
Scope:This SAE Standard establishes a criteria for a minimum zone of protection for the operator of the machine and establishes certain structural requirements for guards on pneumatic-tired earthmoving haulage machines capable of speeds in excess of 25 km/h. Earthmoving machines covered by this document are dumpers and tractor-scrapers as identified in SAE J/ISO 6165.【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheRelativeTintingStrengthofChromaticPaints
【原文标准名称】:测定色漆相对着色力的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4838-1988(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1988
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D01.57
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:artists'paints;chromatecoatings;tintingstrength;Latexpaints;Pigments(generalproperties);Solventbornepaints/coatings;Tintingstrength;Absorptivecoatings;Artists'materials/applications;Chromatecoatings;Color--paints/relatedcoatings
【摘要】:Tintingstrengthmaybeonefactorinjudgingtherelativeeconomicvalueofpaints,sincepigmentconcentrationcontributestostrengthinamajorway;otherfactorsareformulationandcolordevelopmentingrinding.Theusermayalsoselectproductsforotherproperties,suchastransparency,thatareaccompaniedbydifferenttintingstrengths.Theresultsofthistestmethodmaybeusedforproductioncontrolorqualitycomparisons.Theproductwiththegreatestortheleasttintingstrengthmaynotbethemostdesirableforagivenartisticuse.Forexample,lowtintingstrengthmayleadtotheneedtouseanexcessivelyhighpigmentconcentrationtoobtainadesiredcoloreffect,andthismayleadtodefectsinthedrypaintfilm.Thistestmethodappliesonlytosingle-pigmentpaints.Thetintingstrengthofpaintsthatcontaintwoormorechromaticpigmentswithdifferentopticalpropertiescannotbeevaluatedbythistestmethod.Thetermx201C;similarchemicaltypex201D;usedin1.1doesnotlimittheingredientsinthepaintstoidentity,butreferstocompatibilityinthecaseofvehiclesandtosimilarityinthecaseofpigmenttypes.Whiletheinstrumentalevaluationoftintingstrengthisdescribed,visualcomparisonscanalsobeused,withlowerprecision,andshouldbemadetoprovideconfirmationoftheinstrumentalandcomputationalresults.Ifthesampleandstandardarewidelydifferentinappearancewhenpreparedatthesameratioofchromatictowhitepaint,anothersampleshouldbepreparedtobringthetwocloserinappearance,toobtainthemostaccurateresults.Thequantitiesofchromaticandwhitepaintsmixedmustbeaccuratelyknown,oneitheraweightoravolumebasis,buttheconcentrationofpigmentinthechromaticpaintneednotbeknown.Whenthepaintsbeingcomparedhavethesamevehicleandpigment(sameColourIndexnameandnumber)thevaluesofuncorrectedtintingstrengthfrom9.1andcorrectedtintingstrengthfrom9.2shouldbenearlythesame.Iftheyarenot,anaverageofthetwotintingstrengthsisrecommendedasthebestestimateofthetruevalue,andarangeprovidesameasureofthemagnitudeoftheuncertainty,whichisduetodifferencesinhueorchroma,orboth,betweenthepaints.Strictlyspeaking,theKubelka-Munk-typeanalysisofthistestmethodshouldnotbeappliedtothetristimulusfilterreadingsused,butonlytospectraldata.Forthepurposesoftherelativecomparisonsofthistestmethod,however,theerrorsintroducedbythecalculationsusedcanceltoanadequatedegree.1.1Thistestmethoddescribesthedeterminationoftheabsorptiontintingstrengthofachromatictestpaintrelativetothatofastandardorreferencepaintofthesamechemicaltype.Theproceduresarebasedondilutionofthepaintswithastandardmixingwhitepaint,followedbyinstrumentalmeasurementandcalculation.Provisionismadeforcorrectingtheresultsforsmalldifferencesinhueorchroma,orboth,betweenthetestandreferencechromaticpaints.1.2Thistestmethodisintendedforthecomparisonofpaintscontainingthesametypeofvehicle(acrylic,alkyd,oroil)andsingle-pigmentcolorantsofthesameColourIndexnameandnumber.Theamountsofthepigmentandoftheothercomponentsofthepaintneednotbeknown.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G51
【国际标准分类号】:87_040
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语